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popid_1526712186="<p>Before an analogue voice signal can be transmitted through a digital medium, it must be converted to a digital form.&nbsp; This sampling and quantisation function is performed by a CODEC, which follows the rules defined by a compression scheme.&nbsp; CODEC vary in terms of the voice quality, delay and bandwidth characteristics.<\/p>\n\r<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\r<p>Examples of CODEC include G.711, G.723.1 and G.729B.<\/p>\n\r"
popid_1196221258X="<p>Some voice compression schemes support the sending of smaller packets during silent periods.&nbsp; This can reduce the overall bandwidth required.&nbsp; VoIP Select allows you to define the percentage of time during which there is actual conversation, rather than silence.<\/p>\n\r"
popid_918343927X="<p>The number of IP datagrams sent per second has a very direct bearing on the bandwidth required.&nbsp; 50 packets per second is considered a reasonable figure, but VoIP Select allows you to select this figure.<\/p>\n\r"
popid_1629288505="<p>When transmitted through an IP-based network, the IP\/UDP\/RTP headers can add a significant bandwidth overhead.&nbsp; This can be reduced using header compression (known by Cisco as cRTP).&nbsp; Compression of the RTCP (control) packets is also supported.<\/p>\n\r"
popid_2095919604="<p>Once constructed, IP datagrams must be set across a series of links.&nbsp; The effect of the protocols used on these links can be investigated.&nbsp; The following layer 2 protocols are supported:<\/p>\n\r<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\r<p>PPP<\/p>\n\r<p>Ethernet 802.3<\/p>\n\r<p>Frame Relay<\/p>\n\r<p>ATM AAL5 (Virtual circuit encapsulation)<\/p>\n\r<p>ATM AAL5 (LLC encapsulation)<\/p>\n\r<p>HDLC<\/p>\n\r"
popid_1643125101="<p>Located on the left side of the main window, the My Calculators area is where the calculators which have been defined are stored.&nbsp; When VoIP Select is first installed, it contains seven pre-built calculators.&nbsp; Any additional calculators which you define are also represented as icons in this area.&nbsp; To load a calculator, click on the calculator\'s icon.<\/p>\n\r"
popid_1566529432X="<p>Located on the left side of the main window beneath My Calculators, this area is where the pre-defined Calculator Blocks are stored.&nbsp; These are the building blocks which you can use to design your own calculators.&nbsp; The Calculator blocks are divided into categories that group their use.&nbsp; To open an category, click on its title (for example: Voice over IP or Erlang B).<\/p>\n\r"
popid_2048380075="<p>Calculators are made up of individual calculator blocks, connected together to represent the flow of calculations.&nbsp; Calculator blocks perform the individual calculations required to execute a calculator.<\/p>\n\r<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\r<p>Calculator blocks are dropped onto the Design calculator area.&nbsp;&nbsp; They are grouped according to their functions.<\/p>\n\r"
popid_5413054X="<p>The number of discreet voice paths required or supported.<\/p>\n\r<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\r<p>Minimum value = 0<\/p>\n\r<p>Maximum value = 100,000<\/p>\n\r"
popid_1730515152X="<p>The percentage of time when active conversation is in progress. The parameter is only available for certain voice compression schemes which support the transmission of SID frames (silence frames) to reduce the bandwidth required.<\/p>\n\r<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\r<p>The value is entered and displayed as a percentage<\/p>\n\r<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\r<p>Minimum value = 40%<\/p>\n\r<p>Maximum value = 100%<\/p>\n\r"
popid_1284732070="<p>The interval between the generation of IP datagrams. The lower the packet intervals, the more packets will be sent per seconds, and therefore, the higher the packet header overhead. However, high intervals should be avoided as they have a detrimental effect on voice quality.<\/p>\n\r<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\r<p>This parameter can be changed using a drop down selection box.&nbsp; Values vary depending upon the voice compression scheme used, but generally range from 10 milliseconds to 90 milliseconds.<\/p>\n\r"
popid_409091720X="<p>VoIP Select assumes that voice samples are sent using the IP, UDP and RTP protocols. The combined headers for these three protocols is 40 octets. This is a considerable overhead. Header compression schemes exist to reduce this overhead to 2 or 4 octets (depending on whether a checksum is required). The header compression scheme in use is selected using this parameter.<\/p>\n\r<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\r<p>This parameter is chosen using a drop down list.&nbsp; The options allow uncompressed headers to be sent and for compression to 2 or 4 octets to be modelled.&nbsp; This selection interacts with the Control Protocol selection to choose a pair of appropriately matched parameters.<\/p>\n\r"
popid_1649129140X="<p>RTCP is a protocol associated with RTP which provides feedback to voice packet senders concerning quality. RTCP payloads are normally sent within IP and UDP header. The normal overhead of 28 octets can be reduced to either 6 or 2 octets (depending on whether a checksum is required) using header compression. The header compression scheme can be selected using this parameter.<\/p>\n\r<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\r<p>This parameter is chosen using a drop down list.&nbsp; The options allow RTCP packets to be ignored in the calculations; for uncompressed UDP\/IP headers to be transmitted or for 2 or 4 octet headers to be sent.<\/p>\n\r"
popid_670123452="<p>The bandwidth required or available for transmission of Voice over IP.<\/p>\n\r<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\r<p>The value is entered and displayed as kbps.<\/p>\n\r<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\r<div style=\"text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><table border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"line-height: normal;\"><tr style=\"vertical-align:baseline\" valign=\"baseline\"><td width=\"13\"><span style=\"font-size: 8pt; font-family: \'Arial Unicode MS\', \'Lucida Sans Unicode\', \'Arial\'; color: #000000;\">&#8226;<\/span><\/td><td>Minimum value = 0 kbps<\/td><\/tr><\/table><\/div><div style=\"text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><table border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"line-height: normal;\"><tr style=\"vertical-align:baseline\" valign=\"baseline\"><td width=\"13\"><span style=\"font-size: 8pt; font-family: \'Arial Unicode MS\', \'Lucida Sans Unicode\', \'Arial\'; color: #000000;\">&#8226;<\/span><\/td><td>Maximum value = 20,000,000 kbps<\/td><\/tr><\/table><\/div>"
popid_1445913547="<p>The volume of traffic offered to a trunk group. In its most common use, the number of Erlangs offered to a trunk group equals the number of hours of traffic sent to that trunk group during the busiest hour. For example, if 1000 calls of 3 minute duration are offered during the busiest hour, the busy hour traffic is said to equal 50 Erlangs. For more information about Erlangs, visit www.erlang.com\/whatis.html.<\/p>\n\r<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\r<div style=\"text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><table border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"line-height: normal;\"><tr style=\"vertical-align:baseline\" valign=\"baseline\"><td width=\"13\"><span style=\"font-size: 8pt; font-family: \'Arial Unicode MS\', \'Lucida Sans Unicode\', \'Arial\'; color: #000000;\">&#8226;<\/span><\/td><td>Minimum value = 0 Erlangs<\/td><\/tr><\/table><\/div><div style=\"text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><table border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"line-height: normal;\"><tr style=\"vertical-align:baseline\" valign=\"baseline\"><td width=\"13\"><span style=\"font-size: 8pt; font-family: \'Arial Unicode MS\', \'Lucida Sans Unicode\', \'Arial\'; color: #000000;\">&#8226;<\/span><\/td><td>Maximum value = 25,000 Erlangs<\/td><\/tr><\/table><\/div>"
popid_1573034806="<p>This is a measure of the quality of service offered by the trunk group. It is measured in terms of the calls offered to that group which will not complete because insufficient facilities have been provided, and it is usually represented as a factor. For example, a blocking figure of 0.025 means that 2.5% of calls will be blocked.<\/p>\n\r<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\r<div style=\"text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><table border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"line-height: normal;\"><tr style=\"vertical-align:baseline\" valign=\"baseline\"><td width=\"13\"><span style=\"font-size: 8pt; font-family: \'Arial Unicode MS\', \'Lucida Sans Unicode\', \'Arial\'; color: #000000;\">&#8226;<\/span><\/td><td>Minimum value = 0.001<\/td><\/tr><\/table><\/div><div style=\"text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><table border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"line-height: normal;\"><tr style=\"vertical-align:baseline\" valign=\"baseline\"><td width=\"13\"><span style=\"font-size: 8pt; font-family: \'Arial Unicode MS\', \'Lucida Sans Unicode\', \'Arial\'; color: #000000;\">&#8226;<\/span><\/td><td>Maximum value = 0.5<\/td><\/tr><\/table><\/div>"
popid_634731886="<p>The percentage of calls which will be immediately offered to the trunk group again, if they are blocked.<\/p>\n\r<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\r<div style=\"text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><table border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"line-height: normal;\"><tr style=\"vertical-align:baseline\" valign=\"baseline\"><td width=\"13\"><span style=\"font-size: 8pt; font-family: \'Arial Unicode MS\', \'Lucida Sans Unicode\', \'Arial\'; color: #000000;\">&#8226;<\/span><\/td><td>Minimum value = 0%<\/td><\/tr><\/table><\/div><div style=\"text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><table border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"line-height: normal;\"><tr style=\"vertical-align:baseline\" valign=\"baseline\"><td width=\"13\"><span style=\"font-size: 8pt; font-family: \'Arial Unicode MS\', \'Lucida Sans Unicode\', \'Arial\'; color: #000000;\">&#8226;<\/span><\/td><td>Maximum value = 95%<\/td><\/tr><\/table><\/div>"
popid_608868398="<p>The number of minutes of traffic offered to a trunk group in one day.<\/p>\n\r<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\r<div style=\"text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><table border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"line-height: normal;\"><tr style=\"vertical-align:baseline\" valign=\"baseline\"><td width=\"13\"><span style=\"font-size: 8pt; font-family: \'Arial Unicode MS\', \'Lucida Sans Unicode\', \'Arial\'; color: #000000;\">&#8226;<\/span><\/td><td>Minimum value = 0 minutes<\/td><\/tr><\/table><\/div><div style=\"text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><table border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"line-height: normal;\"><tr style=\"vertical-align:baseline\" valign=\"baseline\"><td width=\"13\"><span style=\"font-size: 8pt; font-family: \'Arial Unicode MS\', \'Lucida Sans Unicode\', \'Arial\'; color: #000000;\">&#8226;<\/span><\/td><td>Maximum value = 30,000,000 minutes<\/td><\/tr><\/table><\/div>"
popid_1730551829X="<p>The percentage of the daily traffic which is offered to a trunk group during the system\'s busiest hour. 17% is considered a reasonable value, although it can vary depending upon the circumstances.<\/p>\n\r<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\r<div style=\"text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><table border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"line-height: normal;\"><tr style=\"vertical-align:baseline\" valign=\"baseline\"><td width=\"13\"><span style=\"font-size: 8pt; font-family: \'Arial Unicode MS\', \'Lucida Sans Unicode\', \'Arial\'; color: #000000;\">&#8226;<\/span><\/td><td>Minimum value = 5%<\/td><\/tr><\/table><\/div><div style=\"text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><table border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"line-height: normal;\"><tr style=\"vertical-align:baseline\" valign=\"baseline\"><td width=\"13\"><span style=\"font-size: 8pt; font-family: \'Arial Unicode MS\', \'Lucida Sans Unicode\', \'Arial\'; color: #000000;\">&#8226;<\/span><\/td><td>Maximum value = 50%<\/td><\/tr><\/table><\/div>"
popid_1705791862X="<p>The volume of traffic offered to a trunk group during its busiest hour. CCS (centi-call seconds) tends not to be used outside North America. It represents the number of 100 second units offered in one hour.<\/p>\n\r<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\r<div style=\"text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><table border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"line-height: normal;\"><tr style=\"vertical-align:baseline\" valign=\"baseline\"><td width=\"13\"><span style=\"font-size: 8pt; font-family: \'Arial Unicode MS\', \'Lucida Sans Unicode\', \'Arial\'; color: #000000;\">&#8226;<\/span><\/td><td>Minimum value = 0 CCS<\/td><\/tr><\/table><\/div><div style=\"text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><table border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"line-height: normal;\"><tr style=\"vertical-align:baseline\" valign=\"baseline\"><td width=\"13\"><span style=\"font-size: 8pt; font-family: \'Arial Unicode MS\', \'Lucida Sans Unicode\', \'Arial\'; color: #000000;\">&#8226;<\/span><\/td><td>Maximum value = 900,000 CCS<\/td><\/tr><\/table><\/div>"
popid_205182259X="<p>The number of decimal places to which a result is calculated.<\/p>\n\r<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\r<div style=\"text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><table border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"line-height: normal;\"><tr style=\"vertical-align:baseline\" valign=\"baseline\"><td width=\"13\"><span style=\"font-size: 8pt; font-family: \'Arial Unicode MS\', \'Lucida Sans Unicode\', \'Arial\'; color: #000000;\">&#8226;<\/span><\/td><td>Minimum value = 2<\/td><\/tr><\/table><\/div><div style=\"text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><table border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"line-height: normal;\"><tr style=\"vertical-align:baseline\" valign=\"baseline\"><td width=\"13\"><span style=\"font-size: 8pt; font-family: \'Arial Unicode MS\', \'Lucida Sans Unicode\', \'Arial\'; color: #000000;\">&#8226;<\/span><\/td><td>Maximum value = 8<\/td><\/tr><\/table><\/div>"
popid_14558861="<p>The voice compression scheme (or CODEC) in use. Several different CODECs are available. The differ in terms of their quality and bandwidth requirements.<\/p>\n\r<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\r<p>This parameter is altered by choosing an option from a drop down list.<\/p>\n\r"
popid_337822251X="<p>IP UDP and RTP only define the protocols to layer 3, the network layer. The IP datagrams must still be sent over data links which are controlled by layer 2 protocols. The data link protocol in use can be selected using this parameter.<\/p>\n\r<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\r<p>This parameter is selected using a drop down list.&nbsp; Typical options include PPP, ATM, Ethernet and HDLC.<\/p>\n\r"
popid_788053339="<p>This is the number of points of origination of the offered traffic.&nbsp; It can represent the number of subscribers served by a line concentrator or the number of PBX extensions with access to the trunk facilities in question<\/p>\n\r<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\r<div style=\"text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><table border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"line-height: normal;\"><tr style=\"vertical-align:baseline\" valign=\"baseline\"><td width=\"13\"><span style=\"font-size: 8pt; font-family: \'Arial Unicode MS\', \'Lucida Sans Unicode\', \'Arial\'; color: #000000;\">&#8226;<\/span><\/td><td>Minimum value = 1<\/td><\/tr><\/table><\/div><div style=\"text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><table border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"line-height: normal;\"><tr style=\"vertical-align:baseline\" valign=\"baseline\"><td width=\"13\"><span style=\"font-size: 8pt; font-family: \'Arial Unicode MS\', \'Lucida Sans Unicode\', \'Arial\'; color: #000000;\">&#8226;<\/span><\/td><td>Maximum value = 1,000,000<\/td><\/tr><\/table><\/div>"